Many papers and articles have been published in the last ten years on the subject of energy storage. Most of these papers emphasized the design of energy storage. However, successful implementation of control strategies is very important to the growth of this technology. The successful implementation based on three energy storages is discussed. The types of storage systems are hot water for false loading of the chiller plant to generate the necessary heating load during the heating season; storage of hot and cold water for time-of-day peak demand reduction; and storage of cold water for a full day operation. The last two systems implement the empty cell type of storage system.

Control of the storage system in all cases was done by defining several modes of operation to satisfy the various requirements. A computer control system implemented the modes of operation in all three systems. Modes of operation for the building with time-of-day energy charges are described in detail. In addition, the lessons learned from operation of these buildings are discussed.