WITH FINE TO MEDIUM PITCH WORK, THE MACHINING TIMES ARE RELATIVELY SHORT. SETUP TIME AND THE IDLE TIME FOR MANUAL LOADING AND UNLOADING BY AN OPERATOR CAN BE MANY MULTIPLES OF THE CUTTING TIME. IT IS NECESSARY TO CONSIDER SOME OF THE MANY QUICK SETUP AND AUTOMATIC LOADING TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE WHICH ARE BOTH ECONOMICAL, FLEXIBLE, AND EASY TO USE. THE RECUTTING OF PREVIOUSLY HOBBED PARTS THAT HAVE BEEN HEAT TREATED HAS ONLY RECENTLY BECOME PRACTICAL. ALTHOUGH SKIVING HAS BEEN AROUND SINCE THE 1960S, IT PREVIOUSLY RELIED UPON MECHANICAL METHODS TO REALIGN THE CUT WORKPIECE TO THE CARBIDE HOB FOR RECUTTING. TODAY, MANUFACTURERS HAVE FULLY AUTOMATIC TIMING SYSTEMS WHICH ALLOW THE PART TO BE RANDOMLY LOADED AND CLAMPED.