Architectural/engineering (A-E) drawings have evolved from computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) "dumb" images to the emerging field of three-dimensional, real-time, object-based imaging and documentation. These "smart" images carry full intelligence in every line and object. Benefits of fully developing this 3D modeling and intelligent document approach include providing automatic bills of material, automatic shop drawings, facilities management with hyperlinks to operating and maintenance manuals and service contractors, and so forth. Although there is an upfront cost in developing this level of documentation, the downstream benefits are substantial, including better coordination of construction in the field, fewer delays, errors and conflicts. The potential savings in construction cost alone are expected to range from 15% to 40%, with parallel reductions in construction schedules.