The advent of digital control and variable speed pumping hasdecreased the amount of equipment needed to control waterflow in chilled and hot water distribution systems. This applies to mosthot and chilled water systems that have variable heating and coolingloads. Gone are balance valves, multiple duty valves, primary/secondarypumping, cross-over bridges and other energy-consuming piping accessories.Almost all that is left are the pumps, piping, isolation valves,and coils with control valves. Adaptive control provides a continuallyadjusting program that completely eliminates manual operation.