Many HVAC systems utilize heat transfer equipment that experience scale accumulations, from plate and frame heat exchangers to water heaters, cooling towers, and drinking fountains. To maintain the heat transfer equipment efficiency, the formation of scale must be prevented or minimized. Energy conservation can be significantly improved if scale formation is minimized.

Design information is required for the engineer to properly apply catalytic and magnetic water treatment technologies in preventing scale accumulation and enhancing energy conservation for their clients and customers.

The objective of this research project is to investigate the efficiency of catalytic and magnetic water treatment technologies in preventing and controlling calcium scale accumulation on heat transfer surfaces in re-circulating open cooling water systems.