Any level sheet of ice made by refrigeration (the term artificial ice is sometimes used) is referred to in this chapter as an ice rink regardless of use and whether it is located indoors or outdoors. Bobsled-luge tracks are not referred to as rinks but are referenced under this chapter. An ice sheet is usually frozen by circulating a heat transfer fluid through a network of pipes or tubes located below the surface of the ice. The heat transfer fluid is predominantly a secondary coolant such as glycol, methanol, ethanol, or calcium chloride (see Chapter 31 of the 2021 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals). Applications Refrigeration Requirements Ice Rink Conditions Equipment Selection Rink Floor Design Building, Maintaining, and Planing Ice Surfaces Imitation Ice-Skating Surfaces