In any solar energy system for space heating there are three functions performed: collection of solar energy, storage, and distribution of that energy (heat) from storage to living space. The two basic categories of solar systems for space heating - active and passive - perform these three functions, but in different ways. Active solar heating systems incorporate mechanical devices to circulate air or fluids through collectors and into thermal storage units such as water tanks or rock beds. Additional fans or pumps are required to bring stored heat to areas where it is needed. Active systems can be quite complex and rely on external sources of energy to operate. The passive heating in cold climates through the thermal storage like Trombe wall can be available option.

Solar heating and cooling (SHC) can play a significant role in providing an economically viable and environmentally sustainable long-term solution to these essential heating and cooling needs. SHC draws from an inexhaustible energy source while displacing fossil fuels and electricity otherwise needed for heating and cooling. The basic design of building involving right orientation, external obstructions to solar gain, right internal layout, optimum level of insulation, right window sizing, window type, right amount, placement & color of thermal mass & Trombe wall can lead us to a better sustainable building design.