This paper presents the results of surveys of the use of simple controls—opening of windows, the closing of window blinds, and the use of lighting, heaters, and fans—by building occupants. Information is also presented on the use of air conditioning in mixed-mode buildings. The surveys were conducted in the UK, Pakistan, and throughout Europe. The data are analyzed to show how the use of each control varies with outdoor temperature. The paper discusses the application of such results to the simulation of occupied buildings.

Units: SI