States that many energy cost allocation systems monitor the approximate heat output of hydronic terminal elements in order to apportion costs of a central heating system to individual units. The heat emission rate of terminal elements such as radiators and convectors determines the heat output and energy consumption over a billing period. Explains the basic thermodynamic relationships for heat transfer by radiation and convection. Also presents methods and standards for testing and rating the heat emission rate. In addition, points out the relation of the heat emission rate and the heating cost allocation.

KEYWORDS: Heat meters, heating, radiators, heat emitters, costs, central heating, convectors, heat flow, thermodynamics, testing, rating.

Units: Dual