This paper presents a health-risked based modeling approach to evaluate alternative approaches to meeting the Lead and Copper Rule and reducing lead health effects in the Portland, Oregon, community. It also discusses the development of Portland's Lead Hazard Reduction Program. Health effects modeling was conducted to assess the effects of a range of treatment options. The model was used to compare the distribution of blood lead levels before corrosion control treatment for infant, children and adult populations within the Portland metropolitan area with predicted distributions after implementation of various levels of corrosion control treatment. Blood lead levels (before corrosion control treatment) were found to be generally below the 10 micrograms per deciliter lower level of concern. Corrosion control treatments would result in reduction in these blood levels of less than 0.5 ug/dL under the scenario where consumers might drink 25% standing water and 75% running water. Using the same consumption scenario, the model predicts that 90th percentile blood lead levels for infants with 8.6 ug/dL would only be decreased by 0.4 ug/dL for the "optimal" pH of 9.5 and by 0.2 ug/dL with the "limited" treatment option of pH of 7.5.