A new research project, "Zero Liquid Discharge and Volume Minimization for Inland Desalination," is underway to develop a treatment technique that reduces energy consumption and treatment costs for inland desalination with zero liquid discharge (ZLD). The project is supported by AwwaRF and the California Energy Commission (CEC). The technical approach involves alternating applications of reverse osmosis with precipitation processes designed to remove the least soluble salts under conditions of controlled mixing, salt seeding, chemical addition, residence time, temperature, and pH. The research methodology includes computer modeling, bench-scale testing, and pilot-scale testing. Testing was conducted on brackish groundwater, surface water, finished water, and reclaimed water provided by the project utility partners, City of Phoenix, Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), City of Scottsdale, Beverly Hills, and San Antonio Water System (SAWS). Includes 4 references, table, figures.