This specification covers material requirements for chemical composition of anorganic xenogeneic or allogeneic bone (apatite) intended for surgical implants. This specification specifically excludes synthetic hydroxylapatite, hydroxylapatite coatings, ceramic glasses, tribasic calcium phosphate, whitlockite, and alpha- and betatricalcium phosphate. Elemental analysis for calcium and phosphorus shall be consistent with the expected composition of the source of the biologically-derived bone mineral. X-ray diffraction analysis of the material shall be consistent with that specified for hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate carbonate (carbonated apatite). The crystal size of the anorganic bone shall be determined from the X-ray diffraction data using the well-known Scherrer formula. The concentration of trace elements in the anorganic bone shall conform to the prescribed limit for: arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, and heavy metals (as lead), which may be determined by the following methods: inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) or USP method and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Organic content shall be measured either as total carbon or nitrogen or total protein by amino acid analyses. The carbonate content of the anorganic bone shall be determined. Functional groups shall be identified by infrared analysis. Requirements for biocompatibility and sterilization are given as well.