1059, 1060, C60, C60E, and C60R are wrought high-carbon (carbon = 0.55–0.65%) non-alloy steels that are used in the normalized, cold worked, quenched and tempered, or austempered condition. 1059, 1060, C60E, and C60R may also be flame or induction hardened, nitrided, or nitrocarburized. These steels are widely used for moderately and highly stressed parts that require higher strength levels than can be achieved by the lower carbon grades, and where the expense of an alloy steel is not justified. They are also used for applications where the higher carbon is needed to improve wear characteristics.