This Standard contains the minimum requirements for managing signal passed at danger (SPAD) and proceed authority exceeded events as defined by ONRSR Reporting Requirements for Notifiable Occurrences (2018). The purpose of the document is to ensure that risks and hazards associated with these incident types are managed in a consistent manner that will reduce the likelihood of recurrence and minimise the potential consequences. For ease of readability, the term SPAD throughout the document can also mean proceed authority exceeded. The scope includes the management of the SPAD event from the occurrence to the closure, and communication of the investigation. Light rail is not included in the scope of this document.