Two-dimensional laminar forced convection on an outdoor fenestration surface, with the wind perpendicular to the glazing surface, was analysed using the penalty function approach finite-element method (FEM). The air far from the fenestration surface (free-stream conditions) was assumed to be at ASHRAE standard fenestration conditions of -18degC (0degF) and 6.7 m/s (15mph). A prototype fenestration configuration of a typical wood casement window, consisting of a double-step frame and an insulating glazing unit (IGU), was used in defining the outdoor fenestration profile. A flat-plate geometry was also considered for purposes of comparison with other available numerical and experimental results and for validation of the results for the actual fenestration profile. The results are reported in the form of velocity vector plots and local convective surface heat transfer coefficients. Recommendations on the local outdoor surface convective heat transfer coefficient for use in two- and three-dimensional heat transfer analyses of fenestration systems are presented.

KEYWORDS: year 1995, forced convection, outdoor, glazing, surfaces, windows, comparing, heat transfer coefficient, heat flow, air flow, measuring, prototypes, performance