Presents the results of a study to assess the current state of practice and the energy and operating cost implications of cold air distribution in California and to identify the key research needs for the continued development of this technology in new commercial buildings in the state. Whole-building energy simulations were made to compare the energy performance of a prototypical office building in three California climates using conventional and cold air-distribution, with and without ice storage, to show the impacts of load shifting, energy use, and utility costs for three typical utility rate structures. The merits of economisers and fan-powered mixing boxes were also studied when used in conjunction with cold air delivery. A survey was conducted to assess the perceived strengths and limitations of this technology, perceived barriers to its widespread use, and user experience. The survey was based on interviews with consulting engineers, equipment representatives, and other users of cold air distribution technology. Selected findings from the industry survey are also discussed.

KEYWORDS: Offices, air distribution, USA, costs, cost in use, research, models, calculating, comparing, prototypes, ice storage, tariffs, load management, energy consumption, economisers, air terminals, low temperature.