The successful integration of direct digital control (DDC) into an energy management and control system (FMCS) of any size requires that the DDC units be compatible with the of structure of the particular EMCS in which they operate. This paper is intended to provide some understanding of how the structure of EMCSs affects the design and application of direct digital controllers. Comparisons of the requirements for DDC units in generic standalone, centralized, and distributed EMCSs are presented. The discussion is targeted toward a general audience with some exposure to DDC and energy management systems.

Units: Dual