ISO/TR 11371:2013 gives guidelines for the laboratory refining of various pulps intended for paper production including unifying terms and parameters for the simulation of industrial refining processes and laboratory refiners; treating pulp samples in a (semi) continuous operation in contrast to quasi-stationary laboratory beating equipment such as the PFI mill or Valley Hollander; evaluation of chemical market pulps under close-to-reality conditions in terms of refining intensity and refining energy consumption; optimizing of fibre furnishes in terms of cost, quality, and energy requirements; and this Technical Report only considers refiners operating at low consistency.