This guide contains a tutorial on lead-acid battery technology, battery charging characteristics, and a laboratory test procedure to evaluate charge parameters and battery performance. The information on leadacid battery designs and environmental characteristics is provided to help the PV system designer make appropriate battery decisions. Photovoltaic system parameters and operating conditions are discussed. Charging parameters related to PV systems are also suggested to help in the selection of appropriate test set points. Finally, a performance test to verify the battery's operating set points and performance is provided, including discussions on how to interpret test results. This guide is applicable to all stand-alone PV systems where PV is the only charging source. This guide does not include PV hybrid systems.