The scarcity of fresh water and the government's restricting the use of it for cooling tower makeup has caused Hong Kong to evolve into a city that has the most seawater cooling systems in the world . This paper presents a brief history of seawater cooling in Hong Kong and discusses the following:

- The most common designs of intake structures and equipment.
- Materials selected for condenser tubes, pumps, etc .
- Some case studies of existing installations.
- Various remedial measures to overcome the erosion/corrosion type failure by mechanical and chemical treatment.

Units: Dual