Direct pumping significantly reduces the first cost of a thermal storage system. Hydraulic turbines, by recovering static pressure to supplement pumping energy, extend the application of direct pumping to high-rise buildings. The purpose of this paper is threefold:

1. To review the advantages of using direct pumping in thermal storage systems.

2. To examine the economics of using hydraulic turbines to recover the static pressure within a direct pumping system, primarily for high-rise applications.

3. To provide practical guidelines and suggestions for designing and installing direct pumping systems that use hydraulic turbines.

Units: I-P