Energy use efficiency of cooling systems varys with the type of cooler used. Vacuum coolers are the most efficient, followed by hydrocoolers, water spray vacuum coolers, and forced-air coolers. Levels of non-product heat input and operational practices have been identified as reasons for the differences. Energy use efficiency varys significantly within coolers of the same type. Level of product throughput, commodity type, and operational procedures have been identified as major reasons for this.

Units: Dual