Std

ASTM E1921-22a

Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T0, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

standard by ASTM International, 10/31/2022

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of a reference temperature, T0, which characterizes the fracture toughness of ferritic steels that experience onset of cleavage cracking at elastic, or elastic-plastic KJc instabilities, or both. The specific types of ferritic steels (3.2.2) covered are those with yield strengths ranging from 275 to 825 MPa (40 to 120 ksi) and weld metals, after stress-relief annealing, that have 10 % or less strength mismatch relative to that of the base metal.
1.2 The specimens covered are fatigue precracked single-edge notched bend bars, SE(B), and standard or disk-shaped compact tension specimens, C(T) or DC(T). A range of specimen sizes with proportional dimensions is recommended. The dimension on which the proportionality is based is specimen thickness.
1.3 Median KJc values tend to vary with the specimen type at a given test temperature, presumably due to constraint differences among the allowable test specimens in 1.2. The degree of KJc variability among specimen types is analytically predicted to be a function of the material flow properties (1)2 and decreases with increasing strain hardening capacity for a given yield strength material. This KJc dependency ultimately leads to discrepancies in calculated T0 values as a function of specimen type for the same material. T0 values obtained from C(T) specimens are expected to be higher than T0 values obtained from SE(B) specimens. Best estimate comparisons of several materials indicate that the average difference between C(T) and SE(B)-derived T0 values is approximately 10°C (2). C(T) and SE(B) T0 differences up to 15 °C have also been recorded (3). However, comparisons of individual, small datasets may not necessarily reveal this average trend. Datasets which contain both C(T) and SE(B) specimens may generate T0 results which fall between the T0 values calculated using solely C(T) or SE(B) specimens. It is therefore strongly recommended that the specimen type be reported along with the derived T0 value in all reporting, analysis, and discussion of results. This recommended reporting is in addition to the requirements in 11.1.1.
1.4 Requirements are set on specimen size and the number of replicate tests that are needed to establish acceptable characterization of KJc data populations.
1.5 T0 is dependent on loading rate. T0 is evaluated for a quasi-static loading rate range with 0.1< dK/dt < 2 MPa√m/s. Slowly loaded specimens (dK/dt < 0.1 MPa√m) can be analyzed if environmental effects are known to be negligible. Provision is also made for higher loading rates (dK/dt > 2 MPa√m/s) in Annex A1. Note that this threshold loading rate for application of Annex A1 is a much lower threshold than is required in other fracture toughness test methods such as E399 and E1820.
1.6 The statistical effects of specimen size on KJc in the transition range are treated using the weakest-link theory (4) applied to a three-parameter Weibull distribution of fracture toughness values. A limit on KJc values, relative to the specimen size, is specified to ensure high constraint conditions along the crack front at fracture. For some materials, particularly those with low strain hardening, this limit may not be sufficient to ensure that a single-parameter (KJc) adequately describes the crack-front deformation state (5).
1.7 Statistical methods are employed to predict the transition toughness curve and specified tolerance bounds for 1T specimens of the material tested. The standard deviation of the data distribution is a function of Weibull slope and median KJc. The procedure for applying this information to the establishment of transition temperature shift determinations and the establishment of tolerance limits is prescribed.
1.8 The procedures described in this test method assume that the data set represents a macroscopically homogeneous material, such that the test material has uniform tensile and toughness properties. Application of this test method to an inhomogeneous material will result in an inaccurate estimate of the transition reference value T0 and nonconservative confidence bounds. For example, multi-pass weldments can create heat-affected and brittle zones with localized properties that are quite different from either the bulk or weld materials. Thick-section steels also often exhibit some variation in properties near the surfaces. Metallography and initial screening may be necessary to verify the applicability of these and similarly graded materials. Section 10.6 provides a screening criterion to assess whether the data set may not be representative of a macroscopically homogeneous material, and therefore, may not be amenable to the statistical analysis procedures employed in this test method. If the data set fails the screening criterion in 10.6, the homogeneity of the material and its fracture toughness can be more accurately assessed using the analysis methods described in Appendix X5.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
 

Product Details

Published:
10/31/2022
Number of Pages:
40
File Size:
1 file , 820 KB
Redline File Size:
2 files , 1.6 MB
Note:
This product is unavailable in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
 

Document History

  1. ASTM E1921-22a

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    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T0, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Most Recent

  2. ASTM E1921-22


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, <emph type="bdit">T<inf >0</emph>, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  3. ASTM E1921-21a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, <emph type="bdit">T<inf >0</emph>, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  4. ASTM E1921-21


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  5. ASTM E1921-20


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature,T o, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  6. ASTM E1921-19be1


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  7. ASTM E1921-19b


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  8. ASTM E1921-19a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  9. ASTM E1921-19


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  10. ASTM E1921-18a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  11. ASTM E1921-18


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  12. ASTM E1921-17a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  13. ASTM E1921-17


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  14. ASTM E1921-16


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  15. ASTM E1921-15ae1


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  16. ASTM E1921-15a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  17. ASTM E1921-15


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  18. ASTM E1921-14a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  19. ASTM E1921-14


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  20. ASTM E1921-13a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  21. ASTM E1921-13


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  22. ASTM E1921-12a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  23. ASTM E1921-12


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  24. ASTM E1921-11a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  25. ASTM E1921-11


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  26. ASTM E1921-10e1


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  27. ASTM E1921-10


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  28. ASTM E1921-09ce2


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  29. ASTM E1921-09ce1


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  30. ASTM E1921-09c


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  31. ASTM E1921-09b


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  32. ASTM E1921-09a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  33. ASTM E1921-09


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  34. ASTM E1921-08ae1


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  35. ASTM E1921-08a


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  36. ASTM E1921-08


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  37. ASTM E1921-07


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  38. ASTM E1921-05


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To', for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  39. ASTM E1921-03


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To', for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  40. ASTM E1921-02


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version

  41. ASTM E1921-97


    Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range

    • Historical Version