1) Describes a procedure developed to relate panel heating surface temperature and area to the space heating requirements for rooms while maintaining the Fanger comfort constraints. Calculates for many types of configurations the required area of radiant heater surface and calculates the radiant design heat loss for the panel radiant heating system and compares it to the ASHRAE standard design procedure. Variables considered were - building U-factors, heater surface temperature, surface emissivities, convection coefficients, outside air design temperature room size, ceiling height, infiltration rate, number of heating surfaces and panel locations. 2) Applies the same technique to radiant heated floor systems and the two common types of industrial infrared heat systems - U-tubes and modular units. Concludes that the use of the ASHRAE design heating load procedure would result typically in an oversized heating system and that the air infiltration rate is the major variable in the design heat loss calculation.

KEYWORDS: Sizing, calculating, USA, heating, radiant heating, floor heating, infrared heating, industrial, space heating, surface temperature, air infiltration, ceiling heating.