Skeletonization, the process of representing a water distribution network model by selected pipes, can be beneficial for steady-state analysis by providing improved computational performance. However, use of network skeletonization for surge analysis may lead to ineffective design recommendations, leaving the system poorly protected and vulnerable to both catastrophic failure and contamination from the external environment. The rules of skeletonization ignore the pipe properties of a distribution system as well as the inherent problem of interaction of surge waves in the different components. The transient response is strongly sensitive to system-specific characteristics, so any careless skeletonization can lead to inaccurate results and inadequate surge protection. If care is exercised, however, traditional network skeletonization procedures can be successfully adapted for transient analysis. Properly defined models can effectively estimate intrusion potential, identify critical regions in the distribution system that are at risk of low- or negative-pressure surges, and evaluate how such surges may be avoided and/or controlled. Includes 28 references, figures.