As demand for good quality water increases, some areas in the United States find that traditional finite sources cannot meet all needs. Although many utilities draw potable supplies from water that has previously been used upstream, the direct reuse of treated water for potable supplies is limited by unknowns concerning health effects and by costs. This paper discusses the historical application of wastewater reuse and considers current applications of wastewater reuse. Potential uses of wastewater include: industrial reuse; agricultural reuse; urban nonpotable reuse; potable reuse; and groundwater recharge. Also discussed are water quality requirements for reclaimed wastewater for potable and nonpotable uses. Includes 19 references, tables.