The alum application to Woodcliff Lake sufficiently reduced nutrient concentrations and controlled algal growth such that no copper sulfate treatments were required after alum application. The alum treatment is expected to last three to five years but it is unknown exactly how long this treatment will last. It is also unknown how much copper sulfate will be needed to supplement this alum treatment over the next three to five years. The benefits of alum treatment are: Reduced usage of copper sulfate and fair assurance that Hackensack can meet the maximum copper limit of 1.00 ppm in the Haworth wastewater discharge; Environmentally beneficial for reservoirs. Promotes return of grazing zooplankton feeding on algae and return of the natural ecological balance; Safe to use and no toxicity to other aquatic life; and Reduce accumulation of copper in the bottom sediments.