A number of cities and states, and now the federal government, have passed or are considering legislation to require water use efficiency standards for plumbing fixtures. These legislative and code initiatives have created important incentives to reduce water demand and implement permanent water conservation measures. As the corresponding demand for low-flow toilets, showerheads, and faucets grows, the performance of these new fixtures needs to be evaluated. While anecdotal reports about actual fixture installations are overwhelmingly positive, some product flaws and performance questions require further study. To realize the savings potential of these fixtures, the public and the water supply industry must have a consistent produce based of efficient and tamper-proof designs and adequate industry-established codes. This paper presents studies of actual installations to examine the conservation benefits and reliability of low-flow fixtures. The shortcomings of the existing American National Standards Institute fixture performance standards and a proposal for establishing a new independent code-setting entity are also discussed.