This powerpoint presentation begins by presenting nitrate vulnerability, occurrence and health effects in the U.S. Statistics on maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) violations and population are provided. The current solutions of blending and existing technologies such as strong base anion (SBA) exchange and reverse osmosis (RO) are outlined, along with the advantages and challenges of these solutions. New solutions on the horizon include: Ion Exchange Improvements to optimize treatment; resin selection depends on water quality; brine recycle feasible in low sulfate water; biological reduction; and, chemical reduction. Strong Base Anion (SBA) improvements are outlined, along with Weak Base Anion (WBA) Exchange, biological reduction, chemical reduction, pilot test conditions and schedule, and preliminary results of nitrate removal are provided.