Information presented in this paper has been derived from Dewberry & Davis' consulting engineering practice and experience in southwestern Virginia and the bordering states of Tennessee, North Carolina, Kentucky, and West Virginia. This experience includes several recent projects for developing new or expanded potable water sources for rural areas. These areas are typified by small towns and cities located in close proximity to the interstate highways or other major transportation routes, with rural populations located in the surrounding areas. The geography of the region is typically mountainous. Several case studies are presented.